18A118

Pregnancy Outcomes and Disease Activity in Women with Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review

Author(s)

Edel McGarry,1 Anna Moltó,2 Lianne Gensler,3 Megan Clowse,4 Helena Marzo-Ortega,5 Audrey Artignan,6 Danielle Goff-Leggett,6 Saoirse Leonard,6 Henrike Resemann,6 Eleanor Thurtle,6 Natasha de Peyrecave,7 Cécile Ecoffet,8 Frauke Förger9

Department(s)/Institutions

1UCB Pharma, Dublin, Ireland; 2Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, France; 3University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States 4Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; 5NIHR LBRC, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and LIRMM, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; 6Costello Medical, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 7UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom; 8UCB Pharma, Brussels, Belgium; 9University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Introduction

Women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are often affected by the disease during their reproductive years, but reports on disease activity and pregnancy outcomes in these patients (pts) are sparse. In women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), also currently termed as radiographic axSpA, a higher risk of disease activity flares and prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported vs healthy controls; however, in non-radiographic (nr)-axSpA pts, such data are virtually non-existent.

Aims/Background

To review available evidence on the relationship between axSpA disease activity and pregnancy, including foetal outcomes.

Method

A systematic literature review was conducted in October 2017 by searching EMBASE, MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. Publications were systematically screened for English language articles on observational studies of axSpA pts reporting pregnancy outcomes or disease activity during pregnancy. Studies utilising agents contraindicated in pregnancy were excluded. Supplementary searches of selected, 2016–17 conference proceedings and bibliographies of relevant review articles were also conducted.

Results

2216 publications were reviewed, with 20 publications on 15 unique studies meeting the inclusion criteria. When utilising verified disease activity measurement instruments, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) or Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP), 5 studies (3 prospective, 2 retrospective) reported active disease (as described by individual studies; Table) both during pregnancy and postpartum in most pts. Pregnancy outcomes in axSpA pts were compared with healthy controls in 6 studies (3 retrospective, 2 prospective, 1 case-control), the 3 largest of which (including 1 prospective) revealed higher risk or odds of preterm births in axSpA pts. Higher rates or risk of low birth weight/small-for-gestational-age neonates were shown in pts vs controls in 2/5 studies reporting such outcomes. Stillbirths, miscarriages or foetal loss/abortion occurred at similar rates in both populations.

Conclusions

Robust, prospective data on disease activity during pregnancies of women with axSpA are limited. Within the samples reported here, available data suggest that there may be a small increase in pre-term births; no signal for increased pregnancy loss was detected. Further research is needed to investigate relationships between maternal disease activity and pregnancy outcomes in axSpA.


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